Scientific Evidence
VACCINE CONCERNS
Safety – Autism
INTERPRETATION: Our analyses do not support a causal association between MMR vaccine and autism. If such an association occurs, it is so rare that it could not be identified in this large regional sample.
Safety – Side Effects
CONCLUSION: TIV administered to young infants beginning at 6 to 12 weeks of age is safe and immunogenic.
Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella Combination Vaccine and the Risk of Febrile Seizures Nicola P. Klein, Bruce Fireman, W. Katherine Yih, Edwin Lewis, Martin Kulldorff, Paula Ray, Roger Baxter, Simon Hambidge, James Nordin, Allison Naleway, Edward A. Belongia, Tracy Lieu, James Baggs, and Eric Weintraub for the Vaccine Safety Datalink 2010;126;e1-e8; originally published online Jun 29, 2010; Pediatrics DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-0665
CONCLUSION: Among 12- to 23-month-olds who received their first dose of measles-containing vaccine, fever and seizure were elevated 7 to 10 days after vaccination. Vaccination with MMRV results in 1 additional febrile seizure for every 2300 doses given instead of separate MMR + varicella vaccines. Providers who recommend MMRV should communicate to parents that it increases the risk of fever and seizure over that already associated with measles-containing vaccines.
Conclusion - A 2 + 1-dose PCV-7 schedule was associated with an increase in serotype 19A nasopharyngeal acquisition compared with unvaccinated controls.
CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccine that was administered in the second or third trimester of gestation was safe in this study population.
Efficacy
CONCLUSION: The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine prevented pneumococcal pneumonia and reduced mortality from pneumococcal pneumonia in nursing home residents.
CONCLUSION: The introduction of the RV5 vaccine was associated with a dramatic reduction in hospitalizations for acute gastroenteritis among US children during the 2008 rotavirus season.
CONCLUSION: In infants in developing countries in Asia, pentavalent rotavirus vaccine is safe and efficacious against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, and our results support expanded WHO recommendations to promote its global use.
CONCLUSION: Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine is effective against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in the first 2 years of life in African countries with high mortality in infants younger than 5 years. We support WHO’s recommendation for adoption of rotavirus vaccine into national expanded programmes on immunisation in Africa.
CONCLUSION: TIV administered to young infants beginning at 6 to 12 weeks of age is safe and immunogenic.
CONCLUSION: Increased use of RV5 in a pediatric practice was associated with fewer AGE office visits and hospitalizations. The reduction was specific for RV-positive AGE and seen among children who were targeted for immunization as well as older groups, suggesting a herd-immunity effect.
Conclusions: Maternal influenza vaccination was significantly associated with reduced risk of influenza virus infection and hospitalization for an ILI up to 6 months of age and increased influenza antibody titers in infants through 2 to 3 months of age.
Immunogenicity of bivalent types 1 and 3 oral poliovirus vaccine: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Dr Roland W Sutter MD a , Prof T Jacob John FRCP[E] b, Prof Hemant Jain MD c, Prof Sharad Agarkhedkar MD d, Prof Padmasini Venkat Ramanan MD e, Harish Verma MB f, Jagadish Deshpande PhD g, Ajit Pal Singh MB h, Meghana Sreevatsava MPH a, Pradeep Malankar MD a, Anthony Burton a, Arani Chatterjee MB h, Hamid Jafari MD f, R Bruce Aylward MD a
Interpretation: The findings show the superiority of bOPV compared with tOPV, and the non-inferiority of bOPV compared with mOPV1 and mOPV3.
THE VACCINES
MMR
INTERPRETATION: Our analyses do not support a causal association between MMR vaccine and autism. If such an association occurs, it is so rare that it could not be identified in this large regional sample.
MMRV
Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella Combination Vaccine and the Risk of Febrile Seizures Nicola P. Klein, Bruce Fireman, W. Katherine Yih, Edwin Lewis, Martin Kulldorff, Paula Ray, Roger Baxter, Simon Hambidge, James Nordin, Allison Naleway, Edward A. Belongia, Tracy Lieu, James Baggs, and Eric Weintraub for the Vaccine Safety Datalink 2010;126;e1-e8; originally published online Jun 29, 2010; Pediatrics DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-0665
CONCLUSION: Among 12- to 23-month-olds who received their first dose of measles-containing vaccine, fever and seizure were elevated 7 to 10 days after vaccination. Vaccination with MMRV results in 1 additional febrile seizure for every 2300 doses given instead of separate MMR + varicella vaccines. Providers who recommend MMRV should communicate to parents that it increases the risk of fever and seizure over that already associated with measles-containing vaccines.
Pneumococcal
CONCLUSION: The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine prevented pneumococcal pneumonia and reduced mortality from pneumococcal pneumonia in nursing home residents.
Conclusion - A 2 + 1-dose PCV-7 schedule was associated with an increase in serotype 19A nasopharyngeal acquisition compared with unvaccinated controls.
Rotavirus
CONCLUSION: The introduction of the RV5 vaccine was associated with a dramatic reduction in hospitalizations for acute gastroenteritis among US children during the 2008 rotavirus season.
CONCLUSION: In infants in developing countries in Asia, pentavalent rotavirus vaccine is safe and efficacious against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis, and our results support expanded WHO recommendations to promote its global use.
CONCLUSION: Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine is effective against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in the first 2 years of life in African countries with high mortality in infants younger than 5 years. We support WHO’s recommendation for adoption of rotavirus vaccine into national expanded programmes on immunisation in Africa.
CONCLUSION: Increased use of RV5 in a pediatric practice was associated with fewer AGE office visits and hospitalizations. The reduction was specific for RV-positive AGE and seen among children who were targeted for immunization as well as older groups, suggesting a herd-immunity effect.
Influenza
CONCLUSION: TIV administered to young infants beginning at 6 to 12 weeks of age is safe and immunogenic.
CONCLUSION: Influenza vaccine that was administered in the second or third trimester of gestation was safe in this study population.
Conclusions: Maternal influenza vaccination was significantly associated with reduced risk of influenza virus infection and hospitalization for an ILI up to 6 months of age and increased influenza antibody titers in infants through 2 to 3 months of age.
Polio
Immunogenicity of bivalent types 1 and 3 oral poliovirus vaccine: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Dr Roland W Sutter MD a , Prof T Jacob John FRCP[E] b, Prof Hemant Jain MD c, Prof Sharad Agarkhedkar MD d, Prof Padmasini Venkat Ramanan MD e, Harish Verma MB f, Jagadish Deshpande PhD g, Ajit Pal Singh MB h, Meghana Sreevatsava MPH a, Pradeep Malankar MD a, Anthony Burton a, Arani Chatterjee MB h, Hamid Jafari MD f, R Bruce Aylward MD a
Interpretation: The findings show the superiority of bOPV compared with tOPV, and the non-inferiority of bOPV compared with mOPV1 and mOPV3.
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